Amadeo I of Spain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2007) |
| Amadeo I | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||||
| King of Spain (more) | |||||
| Reign | 16 November 1870 – 11 February 1873 |
||||
| Predecessor | Isabella II as Queen of Spain Francisco Serrano as Regent of Spain |
||||
| Successor | Estanislao Figueras as President of the Republic Alfonso XII as King of Spain |
||||
| Prime Ministers | |||||
| Duke of Aosta | |||||
| Tenure | 30 May 1845 – 18 January 1890 | ||||
| Predecessor | Title re-created Vittorio Emanuele |
||||
| Successor | Emanuele Filiberto | ||||
| Spouse | Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo Maria Letizia Bonaparte |
||||
| Issue | Emanuele Filiberto Vittorio Emanuele Luigi Amedeo Umberto di Savoia-Aosta |
||||
|
|||||
| House | House of Savoy | ||||
| Father | Victor Emmanuel II of Italy | ||||
| Mother | Adelaide of Austria | ||||
| Born | 30 May 1845 Royal Palace, Turin, Sardinia |
||||
| Died | 18 January 1890 (aged 44) Royal Palace, Turin, Italy |
||||
| Burial | Basilica of Superga, Italy | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | ||||
| Royal styles of Amadeo I of Spain |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reference style | His Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sir |
He was elected by the Cortes as Spain's monarch in 1870, following the deposition of Isabella II, and sworn in the following year. Amadeo's reign was fraught with growing republicanism, Carlist rebellions in the north, and the Cuban independence movement. He abdicated and returned to Italy in 1873, and the First Spanish Republic was declared as a result.
Granted the hereditary title Duke of Aosta in the year of his birth, he founded the Aosta branch of Italy's royal House of Savoy, which is junior in agnatic descent to the branch descended from King Umberto I that reigned in Italy until 1900, but senior to the branch of the Dukes of Genoa.
Contents
Early life and first marriage
Duke of Aosta.
Prince Amedeo of Savoy with his first wife Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, Princess della Cisterna.
In 1867 his father yielded to the entreaties of parliamentary deputy Francisco Cassins, and on 30 May of that year, Amedeo was married to Donna Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo. The King initially opposed the match on the grounds that her family was of insufficient rank, as well as his hopes for his son's marriage to a German princess.[1]
Despite her princely title, Donna Maria Vittoria was not of royal birth, belonging rather to the Piedmontese nobility. She was, however, the sole heiress of her father's vast fortune,[1] which subsequent Dukes of Aosta inherited, thereby obtaining wealth independent of their dynastic appanage and allowances from Italy's kings. Maria Vittoria's mother, Louise de Mérode, granddaughter of the Prince de Rubempré and of the Princess van Grimberghe, belonged to one of Belgium's premier noble houses, and had married the Principe della Cisterna in 1846 in a double wedding with her younger sister Antoinette, who married Charles III, the reigning Prince of Monaco.[1]
In March 1870, the Duchess appealed to the King to remonstrate with his son for marital infidelities that caused her hurt and embarrassment. But the King wrote in reply that, while understanding her feelings, he considered that she had no right to dictate her husband's behaviour and that her jealousy was unbecoming.[1]
The wedding day of Prince Amedeo and Donna Maria Vittoria was marred by the death of a stationmaster who was crushed under the wheels of the honeymoon train.[2]
King of Spain
Amadeo as King of Spain on an 1871 coin.
The election of the new King coincided with the assassination of General Marqués de los Castillejos, his main backer. After that, Amadeo had to deal with difficult situations, with unstable Spanish politics, republican conspiracies, Carlist uprisings, separatism in Cuba, same-party disputes, fugitive governments and assassination attempts.
He could count on the support of only the progressive party, whose leaders were trading off in the government thanks to parliamentary majority and electoral fraud. The progressives divided into monarchists and constitutionalists, which made the instability worse, and in 1872 a violent outburst of interparty conflicts hit a peak. There was a Carlist uprising in the Basque and Catalan regions, and after that, republican uprisings happened in cities across the country. The artillery corps of the army went on strike, and the government instructed the King to discipline them.
With the possibility of reigning without popular support, Amadeus issued an order against the artillery corps and then immediately abdicated from the Spanish throne on 11 February 1873. At ten o'clock that same night, Spain was proclaimed a republic, at which time Amadeo made an appearance before the Cortes, proclaiming the Spanish people ungovernable.
Post-abdication and legacy
Lake Amadeus in Australia's Northern Territory was named in honour of Amadeo.
After the death of his first wife, Amadeo married his French niece, Princess Maria Letizia Bonaparte (20 November 1866 – 25 October 1926), daughter of his sister Maria Clotilde and of Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte, a nephew of Napoleon I. They had one child, Umberto (1889–1918), who died of the flu during the First World War.
Amadeo remained in Turin, Italy until his death on 18 January 1890, less than two years after marrying his second wife. His friend Puccini composed the famous elegy for string quartet Crisantemi in his memory.[3]
Lake Amadeus in central Australia is named after him, as is the Philippine municipality of Amadeo, Cavite.
Issue
By Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo:- Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta (13 January 1869 – 4 July 1931) Marshal of Italy married to Princess Hélène of Orléans and had issue.
- Prince Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin (24 November 1870 – 10 October 1946) died unmarried.
- Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (29 January 1873 – 18 March 1933) Vice Admiral in the Italian Royal Navy died unmarried.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar